Random Puzzles 

Workings

Hint

Answer
Zambia, Luxembourg, Indonesia, Ecuador, Brazil (or Belize), Jamaica, Pakistan (or Paraguay), Mozambique (or Montenegro), Peru, Fiji.

Workings

Hint
The first letters of the words are: W, E, S, A, S, C, O, T, W, A.

Answers
Windbreak, eiderdown, sometimes, afternoon, September, carpenter, offensive, telephone, Wednesday, apartment.
win + dbr + eak = windbreak
eid + erd + own = eiderdown
som + eti + mes = sometimes
aft + ern + oon = afternoon
sep + tem + ber = september
car + pen + ter = carpenter
off + ens + ive = offensive
tel + eph + one = telephone
wed + nes + day = wednesday
apa + rtm + ent = apartment

Workings

Hint
Think of the whole alphabet, and not just the vowels (AEIOU).

Answer
8,300.

Each letter of the country is worth 100 miles based on its position in the alphabet.

Therefore, Germany = 7 + 5 + 18 + 13 + 1 + 14 + 25 = 83 x 100 miles.

Workings

Hint
Look at the first and third columns first.

Answer
The missing sum is 40.
Circle   = 12
Star     = 3
Square   = 7
Triangle = 9

Reasoning
Looking at Column 1 and Column 3 we have:

[1]   Square + Star + Circle + Square = 29
[2]   Square + Square + Triangle + Star = 26

If we subtract [1] – [2] we get:

[3]   Circle – Triangle = 3

And Row 3 is:

[4]   Circle + Circle + Triangle + Circle = 45

If we add [3] + [4] we get:

Circle + Circle + Circle + Circle = 48

So Circle = 12.

Using [3] we find that Triangle = 9.

Using Column 2 we find that Star = 3.

Using Row 1 we find that Square = 7.

Double-Checking
The rows add to: 35 + 26 + 45 + 25 = 131.

The columns add to: 29 + 36 + 26 + 40 = 131.

The rows and columns must add to the same number, so this could have been used a shortcut to the missing sum.

In total, there are:
   5 Squares   = 5 x 7  = 35
   5 Circles   = 5 x 12 = 60
   3 Stars     = 3 x 3  =  9
   3 Triangles = 3 x 9  = 27

Which is also a total of 131.

So all of the totals are the same, as expected.