Random Puzzles 

Workings

Hint
One of the words is waterfall (wat + erf + all).

Answers
som + eth + ing = something
hai + rbr + ush = hairbrush
gra + ssl + and = grassland
pin + eap + ple = pineapple
pol + ice + man = policeman
mea + nwh + ile = meanwhile
wat + erf + all = waterfall
sca + rec + row = scarecrow
yes + ter + day = yesterday
obs + tin + ate = obstinate

Workings

Hint
Think about the first digits of the numbers.

Answer
There are more 2's because of the numbers beginning with 20,000.

Workings

Hint
One of the colours is BLUE.

Answer
Blue, yellow, green, and violet.

Workings

Hint
Start by filling the 11 gallon container.

Answer
Here are the contents of the containers after each stage:
A  B
0  11  fill B
7  4   fill A from B
0  4   empty A
4  0   fill A from B
4  11  fill B
7  8   fill A from B
0  8   empty A
7  1   fill A from B
0  1   empty A
1  0   fill A from B
1  11  fill B
7  5   fill A from B
0  5   empty A
5  0   fill A from B
5  11  fill B
7  9   fill A from B
0  9   empty A

This leaves 9 gallons in container B.